Tie the Best Mantis Shrimp Fly Pattern + Recipe


Tie the Best Mantis Shrimp Fly Pattern + Recipe

This particular artificial lure represents a significant food source for predatory fish in saltwater environments. These imitations replicate the shape, size, and movement of a small, aggressive crustacean known for its powerful strike and vibrant coloration. Anglers utilize these creations to entice fish that actively hunt these crustaceans in shallow water habitats, such as flats and coral reefs.

The effectiveness of these lures stems from their ability to mimic the natural prey, triggering predatory instincts in target species. The incorporation of specific materials and tying techniques enhances realism and movement in the water, increasing the likelihood of attracting and hooking fish. Development of these artificial lures has evolved over time, with tiers refining designs to better match the behavior and appearance of the original inspiration. This evolution has resulted in increased success rates for anglers targeting species known to feed on these crustaceans.

Subsequent sections will delve into the specific materials employed in constructing these artificial lures, the tying techniques used to achieve realistic imitation, and the optimal fishing strategies for their effective deployment. Further discussion will address considerations for selecting appropriate hook sizes, color variations, and retrieval methods in different fishing environments.

1. Profile Silhouette

The shape cast beneath the surface, the outline against the light the profile silhouette is the first impression a predatory fish receives. It is a fleeting glimpse, a moment of recognition that triggers either curiosity or dismissal. When crafting imitations of these powerful crustaceans, this initial visual cue dictates the fate of the offering.

  • Deception’s Edge: The Importance of Accuracy

    A precise match to the natural prey’s form is paramount. Deviations, even slight ones, can alert a discerning predator. Think of a seasoned angler meticulously studying the outline of a specific crustacean, then painstakingly replicating it with feathers, fur, and synthetics. The closer the resemblance, the more convincing the illusion, and the greater the likelihood of a strike. A misshapen profile, on the other hand, broadcasts a signal of artificiality, prompting rejection.

  • The Illusion of Movement: Dynamic Shaping

    A static shape is insufficient; a convincing profile must also suggest movement. This is achieved through strategic material selection and tying techniques. The illusion of swimming legs, antennae, or a flexing tail must be carefully crafted. The chosen materials should pulse and undulate in the water, subtly altering the silhouette and creating the impression of life. Stiff, unyielding materials will result in a lifeless, unconvincing offering.

  • Size Matters: Matching the Hatch

    The size of the silhouette is just as crucial as its shape. These crustaceans come in various sizes depending on their stage of development. Matching the artificial lure’s size to the prevalent size of the natural prey is critical for fooling selective feeders. Presenting a large imitation when smaller crustaceans are abundant, or vice versa, will often result in refusal. Precise observation and adaptation are key.

  • The Angle of Attack: Presentation Considerations

    The silhouette’s appearance changes depending on the angle of presentation. A lure that looks perfect from the side may appear unnatural from below. Consider how the lure will be viewed by the fish when designing and presenting it. Subtle adjustments to weight distribution and material placement can optimize the silhouette’s appearance from various angles, increasing its overall effectiveness.

In essence, the profile silhouette of these patterns is more than just an outline; it is a carefully constructed deception. It is a visual language understood by predatory fish, a language that must be mastered to consistently fool even the most discerning palates. The subtle nuances of shape, size, and movement combine to create an irresistible illusion, transforming a collection of materials into a deadly presentation.

2. Coloration Accuracy

The angler stands on the bow, a veteran of countless sunrises painting the flats in hues of coral and gold. His quarry: Permit. Their keen eyesight and selective feeding habits demand respect. The offering: an imitation of a mantis shrimp. But not just any imitation. Success hinges on more than just shape; it rests on the fidelity of color. The angler knows this. He has witnessed refusals triggered by the slightest chromatic imperfection.

These crustaceans are not uniformly colored. They exhibit a spectrum of shades, often dictated by habitat, diet, and even mood. A mantis shrimp burrowing in seagrass adopts a verdant camouflage; one dwelling on a coral reef explodes with vibrant oranges and blues. The angler, therefore, must be an observant naturalist, a painter mirroring the subtleties of nature’s palette. A fly tied with generic tan or brown materials will, more often than not, be ignored. The fish perceive the lack of accurate coloration as a flaw, an unnatural detail that betrays the deception. He recounts one frustrating day when he presented pattern after pattern, each meticulously tied but lacking the specific shade of olive green hed observed in the shrimp inhabiting the area. Every cast was met with indifference. Only when he relented to painstakingly dyeing the materials to match that precise hue did the strikes finally begin.

The lesson is clear: Coloration accuracy is not merely an aesthetic concern; it is a functional imperative. The predatory fish rely on visual cues to identify their prey. The closer the artificial lure’s coloration matches the natural creature, the more likely the fish is to accept it as genuine. Therefore, the angler must invest time in studying the local population of crustaceans, noting the nuances of their coloration, and meticulously replicating those shades in their artificial creations. This dedication to detail transforms a mere imitation into a compelling presentation, increasing the odds of success on the water.

3. Material Movement

The saltwater flats shimmered under a merciless sun. The guide, a weathered figure named Kai, poled his skiff across the shallow expanse, his eyes scanning for the telltale signs of feeding fish. His client, a renowned fly fisherman from the mainland, held his rod with anticipation, a carefully crafted imitation of a mantis shrimp secured to the tippet. The pattern itself was a marvel of craftsmanship, but Kai knew its success hinged on a single, crucial element: the subtle dance of its materials.

  • The Pulse of Life: Simulating the Escape

    The essence of a convincing imitation lies in its ability to replicate the frantic, erratic movements of a fleeing crustacean. These aren’t graceful, coordinated motions; they are bursts of frantic energy, desperate attempts to evade capture. The materials selected must therefore possess a natural, inherent movement, responding to the slightest current or the angler’s deliberate manipulation. Marabou feathers, rabbit fur, and supple synthetics are often favored, their fibers pulsing and undulating in a manner that mimics the desperate struggles of the real thing. A rigid, lifeless imitation, no matter how visually appealing, will invariably fail to trigger the predatory instincts of discerning fish. Success is found in the natural movement, the materials pulse and undulate to attract the predator.

  • The Illusion of Depth: Layering and Blending Materials

    Beyond simply moving, the materials must create the illusion of depth and dimension. A flat, one-dimensional imitation lacks the visual complexity of a natural mantis shrimp. Layering different materials, each with its own unique texture and movement characteristics, creates a more convincing impression. Blending translucent and opaque materials allows light to penetrate and scatter, mimicking the natural translucency of the crustacean’s exoskeleton. This layering and blending adds depth and realism, enhancing the imitation’s overall appeal.

  • The Rhythm of the Retrieve: Controlled Chaos

    The angler’s retrieve imparts a specific rhythm to the materials, dictating the imitation’s overall presentation. Short, sharp strips cause the materials to dart and flare, mimicking the explosive bursts of speed employed by a fleeing mantis shrimp. Slow, deliberate pulls allow the materials to undulate seductively, enticing hesitant fish. The angler must master the art of controlled chaos, imparting the right amount of energy to the imitation to trigger a predatory response without appearing unnatural. If the retrieval is too fast then the imitation is too visible and they will not be interested. A good angler should give the fish a chance at the lure so they can see the bait and be triggered.

  • The Test of the Current: Material Performance Under Pressure

    The true test of a fly lies in its performance under the duress of moving water. The chosen materials must retain their shape and movement characteristics even when subjected to strong currents or turbulent conditions. Materials that collapse or mat together will render the imitation lifeless and ineffective. Durable, resilient materials that can withstand repeated casts and retrieves are essential for success in challenging environments. The materials need to be water resistant and able to withstand multiple strikes.

Kai watched as the angler executed a perfect cast, the imitation landing softly near a patch of turtle grass. He instructed his client to impart a series of short, sharp strips, mimicking the frantic escape of the mantis shrimp. The imitation pulsed and darted, its materials dancing in the sunlight. Suddenly, a dark shape emerged from the grass, intercepting the fly with explosive force. The angler set the hook, and the battle was on. As the fish tore across the flats, Kai knew that the success of that moment was not solely due to the angler’s skill or the pattern’s design, but to the mesmerizing dance of its materials, the subtle pulse of life that had fooled a wary predator. He learned that the materials need to be perfect or the fish will not strike.

4. Weight Distribution

The flats stretched before him, an expanse of turquoise and emerald under the relentless Bahamian sun. Years of guiding had etched the nuances of these waters into Captain Rolly’s mind – the subtle currents, the shifting sandbars, the hidden pockets where permit and bonefish lurked. But today, the fish were proving particularly elusive, their usual aggression replaced by a frustrating indifference. Rolly watched his client, a seasoned angler named David, work diligently, casting with precision, retrieving with practiced skill. Yet, each presentation was met with rejection. The artificial mantis shrimp, meticulously tied and visually appealing, simply wasn’t triggering the desired response.

Rolly suspected the issue lay not with the pattern’s appearance, but with its behavior in the water. David was using a standard, unweighted pattern, designed for shallow, slow-moving currents. Today, however, a stiff breeze was pushing a stronger-than-usual tidal surge across the flats. The unweighted pattern was skipping across the surface, failing to sink quickly enough to enter the fish’s strike zone. It lacked the necessary weight distribution to combat the current and present the imitation naturally. Rolly explained the situation to David, suggesting a change to a weighted pattern, one with lead eyes positioned near the head of the fly. This subtle alteration, he argued, would dramatically alter the pattern’s performance, allowing it to cut through the current and sink rapidly, presenting the imitation in a more lifelike manner. David, skeptical but willing to trust Rolly’s experience, switched to a heavier pattern. The results were immediate. On the very next cast, the fly sank quickly, tumbling along the bottom in a manner that perfectly mimicked the natural movement of a fleeing crustacean. A large permit, hidden beneath a mangrove root, darted out and engulfed the fly. The weight distribution of the imitation had been the key, the subtle alteration that transformed a frustrating day into a moment of triumph. The distribution of the weight helped the lure to sink to the ground so that the fish would see it.

This incident underscores a critical aspect of effective fly fishing: the profound impact of weight distribution on the artificial lure. It is not merely about adding weight; it is about strategically positioning that weight to achieve a desired presentation. A pattern with weight concentrated at the head will sink quickly and nose-dive through the water column. A pattern with weight distributed along the body will sink more slowly and horizontally, creating a different type of movement. Understanding these nuances allows the angler to fine-tune the presentation to match specific environmental conditions and target species behavior. The challenge lies in accurately assessing the water conditions current strength, depth, bottom structure and selecting or modifying the pattern accordingly. Success depends not only on the visual appeal of the mantis shrimp imitation, but also on its ability to behave naturally in the water, a behavior largely dictated by its weight distribution.

5. Durability Resilience

In the world of saltwater fly fishing, the ephemeral beauty of an artificial lure belies a brutal reality. A carefully crafted imitation, a product of hours of meticulous work, faces a relentless onslaught of teeth, rocks, and abrasive coral. The longevity of these patterns, their ability to withstand repeated abuse, is not merely a matter of convenience; it’s a critical factor determining success or failure. The durability resilience of these imitations directly influences the angler’s confidence, efficiency, and ultimately, their ability to connect with their quarry. In the context of imitations, this quality transcends mere construction; it becomes an essential ingredient of the fly’s effectiveness, impacting the angler’s overall experience.

  • The Vicious Strike: Withstanding the Initial Assault

    The moment a predatory fish intercepts an imitation is a moment of violent energy. Jaws clamp down with surprising force, teeth rake across the materials, and the hook bites deep. A poorly constructed pattern can disintegrate under this initial assault, its delicate components tearing free, rendering it useless. The choice of materials is paramount here. Strong, abrasion-resistant threads, tightly woven and properly secured, are essential for holding the pattern together. Resilient synthetic fibers that can withstand repeated flexing and bending are preferable to delicate natural materials that quickly break down. The angler must be prepared for the fish and tie the knot accordingly.

  • The Grinding Bottom: Surviving the Substrate

    Many saltwater species feed near the bottom, rooting through sand, gravel, and even sharp, abrasive coral. An imitation dragged across these surfaces is subjected to constant friction, wearing down the materials and dulling the hook. The selection of durable, abrasion-resistant materials is critical for extending the pattern’s lifespan in these environments. Epoxy coatings and specialized UV resins can be applied to protect vulnerable areas, such as the head and body of the pattern, shielding them from the grinding force of the substrate. The coatings need to be even and cover the imitation completely.

  • The Corrosion Factor: Combating Saltwater’s Wrath

    Saltwater is a corrosive environment, relentlessly attacking metal components and weakening natural fibers. Hooks are particularly vulnerable, quickly rusting and losing their sharpness. The selection of high-quality, corrosion-resistant hooks is essential for maintaining the pattern’s effectiveness over time. Similarly, the use of synthetic materials that are impervious to saltwater degradation will greatly extend the pattern’s lifespan. Rinsing the patterns with fresh water after each use can help to remove salt deposits and prevent corrosion.

  • The Test of Time: Maintaining Long-Term Integrity

    The true measure of the durability resilience lies in the pattern’s ability to withstand repeated use over an extended period. A well-constructed imitation should be able to endure dozens, even hundreds, of casts and retrieves, retaining its shape, color, and effectiveness. This requires not only the selection of durable materials but also meticulous tying techniques that ensure each component is securely fastened and properly aligned. Regular inspection of the patterns for signs of wear and tear, such as frayed threads or loose materials, is essential for preventing catastrophic failures on the water. The more they are used, the more likely they are to fail. Anglers should take extra precautions when they are out fishing.

Captain Rolly had witnessed countless imitations fall apart after only a few encounters with aggressive fish or abrasive structure. He understood that the initial cost of a high-quality, durable pattern was often far outweighed by its long-term performance and reliability. In the unpredictable realm of saltwater fly fishing, where every cast could be the opportunity of a lifetime, the durability resilience of the imitation provides the angler with a vital sense of confidence, allowing them to focus on the presentation and the connection with the fish, rather than worrying about the integrity of their gear. If they are concerned about their gear, then they will not be fishing as confidently and will not catch fish.

6. Hook Exposure

The delicate art of saltwater fly fishing hinges on a precise interplay of elements, a symphony of skill and chance where success is often measured in fleeting moments. Among these critical factors, hook exposure stands as a silent arbiter, dictating whether a well-presented imitation translates into a solid connection with the intended target. An imitation, regardless of its realism or seductive movement, is rendered useless if the hook fails to find purchase in the fish’s mouth. The story of hook exposure is a testament to the enduring dance between predator and prey, where the smallest detail can tip the balance.

  • The Geometry of the Strike: Angle and Velocity

    The angle at which a fish strikes and the velocity of that strike significantly influence hook penetration. A straight-on strike, delivered with force, is far more likely to result in a secure hookup than a glancing blow from the side. Tying techniques that position the hook point upward, ensuring it is the first point of contact, can greatly improve hookup ratios. Similarly, the angler’s hookset must be decisive, a swift and forceful motion that drives the hook home. A hesitant or weak hookset often results in a missed opportunity, the fish shaking free before the hook can fully penetrate. A strong angle with good velocity is the best way to hook your fish.

  • Material Management: Avoiding Obstruction

    The materials used to construct an imitation, while essential for realism and movement, can also impede hook exposure. Long, flowing materials can obscure the hook point, preventing it from making contact with the fish’s mouth. Careful material management is therefore crucial. Sparse tying techniques, minimizing the bulk around the hook point, can improve hookup ratios. Trimming or shaping the materials to expose the hook point is another effective strategy. The key is to strike a balance between realism and functionality, ensuring the imitation is both attractive and effective.

  • Hook Selection: Size, Gap, and Sharpness

    The hook itself plays a pivotal role in hook exposure. The size of the hook must be appropriate for the size of the imitation and the size of the target species. A hook that is too small may not have sufficient gape to penetrate the fish’s mouth, while a hook that is too large may be too cumbersome and inhibit the imitation’s movement. The hook gap, the distance between the hook point and the shank, is also critical. A wide gap hook is better suited for bulky imitations, allowing the hook point to clear the materials and penetrate effectively. Finally, the hook must be razor-sharp. A dull hook will struggle to penetrate the fish’s tough mouth tissues, resulting in a missed hookup. Sharpen the hook prior to usage.

  • The Weedless Solution: Navigating Obstacles

    Fishing in areas with heavy vegetation or structure presents a unique challenge to hook exposure. Exposed hook points are easily snagged, rendering the imitation useless. Weedless imitations, designed to minimize snags, employ various techniques to shield the hook point. Hook guards, made from wire or monofilament, can be used to deflect vegetation and prevent snags. Recessed hook points, where the hook point is tucked back into the body of the imitation, are another effective option. While weedless imitations may slightly reduce hookup ratios in open water, they greatly increase the angler’s ability to fish effectively in challenging environments.

The story of hook exposure, as it relates to the artificial mantis shrimp, is a story of careful calculation, meticulous execution, and a deep understanding of the predatory dance. It is a story of anglers constantly striving to optimize their imitations, ensuring that every element, from the geometry of the strike to the sharpness of the hook, contributes to the ultimate goal: a solid connection with the fish. It is not enough to simply create a beautiful imitation; the imitation must also be deadly, capable of translating a fleeting moment of interest into a lasting memory.

Frequently Asked Questions

The following addresses common inquiries surrounding the design, application, and effectiveness of this artificial lure. Understandings built over years of trial, observation, and the occasional humbling defeat upon the unforgiving flats inform these answers.

Question 1: Why does a fly rodder need an imitation of such a strange crustacean?

The question itself echoes a long-held sentiment. A strange beast, indeed, but a keystone in the diets of many prized saltwater game fish. Imagine a permit, tailing in the shallows, its focus solely on intercepting the fleeting profile of these crustaceans. The species will not strike at anything else so it is up to the fly rodder to offer the perfect imitation. The same holds true for bonefish, jacks, and even the occasional snook. Its aggressive nature, combined with its nutritional value, makes it an irresistible target. Thus, the imitation becomes a tool for unlocking opportunities that would otherwise remain inaccessible.

Question 2: What makes this particular pattern different from other shrimp imitations?

The distinction lies in the details. While other shrimp patterns might suggest the general form, this seeks to capture the unique characteristics of the mantis shrimp: its flattened body, its prominent eyes, its distinctive raptorial appendages. Observe a skilled tier painstakingly crafting each element, carefully selecting materials to replicate the creature’s coloration and movement. The result is not merely a shrimp imitation, but a deliberate mimic of a specific prey item, designed to trigger a specific predatory response.

Question 3: Are all of the artificial lures are created equal?

The notion that any hastily tied imitation will suffice is quickly dispelled by experience. Witness an angler, eager to save a few dollars, opting for a mass-produced, poorly tied pattern. The materials are cheap, the proportions are off, and the overall impression is far from convincing. Contrast this with the angler who invests in a well-crafted imitation, tied with premium materials and meticulously designed to mimic every detail of the natural prey. The difference in performance is often stark. The well-tied pattern consistently outfishes its inferior counterpart, proving that quality matters.

Question 4: How does one choose the right size and color for these patterns?

The answer is found in observation. Spend time on the water, studying the local ecosystem. Note the size and coloration of the natural mantis shrimp inhabiting the area. Match the artificial lure to the prevalent size and color variations. A pattern that is too large or too small, or whose coloration clashes with the natural environment, is unlikely to attract attention. The angler who is attentive to these details is far more likely to find success.

Question 5: What is the best way to fish with mantis shrimp imitations?

There is no single “best” method, but rather a range of techniques adapted to specific conditions. In shallow water, a slow, deliberate retrieve, punctuated by short pauses, can be effective. In deeper water, a faster, more erratic retrieve may be necessary to attract attention. Experiment with different retrieves until the fish reveal their preference. The key is to present the imitation in a manner that mimics the natural behavior of a fleeing mantis shrimp: a sudden burst of speed followed by a moment of stillness.

Question 6: Do these really work, or is it just hype?

The proof, as always, lies in the results. Consider the seasoned guide, who has witnessed countless fish fall victim to well-presented imitations. The knowledge of their effectiveness, passed down through generations of anglers, speaks volumes. While success is never guaranteed in fishing, a well-tied and properly presented imitation significantly increases the odds of success. It is a tool that can unlock opportunities and elevate an angler’s game.

In summary, these artificial lures are more than mere imitations; they are tools for understanding the complex interactions between predator and prey. They require careful consideration of design, materials, and presentation. Mastering the art of these artificials is a journey of continuous learning, observation, and adaptation.

The following sections will explore advanced techniques for tying and fishing with these patterns, delving into the finer points of material selection, construction, and presentation.

Mantis Shrimp Fly Pattern

Mastering the art of the artificial mantis shrimp is a journey demanding patience, precision, and an acute understanding of the underwater world. The difference between a pattern that collects dust in a fly box and one that triggers explosive strikes often lies in the subtle nuances of its construction and presentation. Consider the following advice, gleaned from years of experience on the flats and countless hours at the tying vise.

Tip 1: Emphasize Articulation for Enhanced Movement: Traditional imitations often lack the lifelike undulation of a live mantis shrimp. Incorporating articulation, achieved through the use of shanks and connecting wires, introduces a dynamic element, allowing the pattern to swim with a sinuous, seductive motion. This is especially effective in imitating the rapid escape maneuvers of the natural prey, triggering a more aggressive response from predatory fish. The articulation provides a flowing movement that the fish can’t resist.

Tip 2: Incorporate Realistic Eye Placement and Size: The prominent eyes are a defining characteristic of the mantis shrimp. Opt for realistic eyes that are appropriately sized and positioned on the imitation. Eyes that are too small or misplaced will detract from the overall realism of the pattern, potentially deterring wary fish. Experiment with different eye colors and styles to match the specific prey found in the target fishing location. If the eyes are too small then the fish will think it is an immature and too big will make them think it is a mutant.

Tip 3: Vary Material Density for Suspended Realism: A common mistake is to tie these with excessive material, creating a dense, unnatural profile. Instead, vary the material density, using lighter, more translucent materials in the tail and body to create a sense of depth and realism. This allows light to penetrate the imitation, mimicking the natural translucence of the crustacean’s exoskeleton and making it appear more lifelike in the water.

Tip 4: Employ Strategic Weighting for Precise Presentation: Correct weighting is essential for presenting the imitation at the desired depth and with the appropriate movement. Integrate weight strategically, using lead eyes or weighted thread, to achieve a balanced presentation. Experiment with different weighting configurations to optimize the imitation’s performance in varying current conditions. Adding weight is essential for mimicking the crustaceans.

Tip 5: Refine Retrieve Techniques to Mimic Natural Behavior: Avoid a monotonous, mechanical retrieve. Instead, study the behavior of live mantis shrimp and mimic their movements in your presentation. Use short, sharp strips followed by pauses, allowing the imitation to sink and flutter naturally. Vary the retrieve speed and direction to trigger a predatory response from wary fish. It is best to have a slower, deliberate retrieve to allow time for the fish to strike.

Tip 6: Utilize Durable Materials for Extended Lifespan: Saltwater environments and aggressive fish can quickly destroy a poorly constructed imitation. Invest in durable materials, such as synthetic fibers and abrasion-resistant threads, to extend the pattern’s lifespan. Reinforce critical areas, such as the head and hook shank, with epoxy or UV resin to prevent premature failure. If your lure lasts longer then you can keep catching fish.

Tip 7: Carry a Variety of Color Patterns: Water clarity, sunlight intensity, and the preferences of local fish populations all influence the effectiveness of different color patterns. Carry a selection of imitations in various colors, ranging from natural browns and greens to more vibrant oranges and pinks. Experiment with different colors until you find the one that consistently produces results in the given conditions. Variety is the spice of the fishing life and it allows you to adapt to many environments.

By implementing these advanced tying and fishing tips, anglers elevate the artificial mantis shrimp from a simple imitation to a sophisticated tool for targeting prized saltwater species. The key lies in meticulous attention to detail, a willingness to experiment, and a constant pursuit of a deeper understanding of the underwater world.

The final section will summarize the key benefits and techniques associated with this specialized lure pattern. It is important that you have an understanding for the bait that you are trying to mimic or you will not catch anything.

Mantis Shrimp Fly Pattern

The preceding discussion has explored the intricacies of the artificial mantis shrimp, highlighting its design elements, the critical role of material selection, and the nuances of effective presentation. From the strategic placement of weight to the meticulous replication of coloration, each aspect contributes to the imitation’s overall success. The commitment to detail and accuracy transforms the artificial creation into a persuasive deception, capable of enticing even the most discerning predators.

The angler who masters this pattern embarks on a journey beyond mere recreation. It becomes a pursuit of understanding the complex interplay between predator and prey, a dedication to mimicking nature’s artistry, and a commitment to refining a craft. The artificial mantis shrimp is not simply a lure; it is a symbol of the angler’s dedication and perseverance. The endless pursuit can be frustrating but it is worth it when the fish is finally hooked on the line, ready to reel. And though success is never assured, the diligent student, armed with knowledge and a finely crafted pattern, stands poised to unlock the secrets of the flats, one cast at a time.